CANBus
What is CANBus?
CANBus technology replaces conventional mobile wiring systems of ungainly wiring, harnesses, relays, wiring joints, etc with functional solid state network systems that fully interface with today's electronic mobile component. CANBus systems are significantly more reliable and efficient, and drastically reduce the down-time of maintenance and the hassles of fault finding.
History of CANBus
CAN (Controller Area Network) networks have been around for over 20 years. CAN was first established for the automobile industry by Bosch GmbH in mid 1986. It was developed based on the request from Mercedes and BMW requiring predictable, error-free communications, when they faced difficulties in connecting or sharing data among ECUs (Electronic Control Units). The engineers found it was difficult to connect the ECUs with conventional UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) since the UART is only suitable for point-to-point communication, multiple nodes are not allowed in this communication system.
The CAN Bus network has since expanded past automotive applications. It is now migrating into systems like industrial networks, medical equipment, railway signaling and controlling building services (to name a few). These applications are utilizing the CAN Bus network, not only because of the lower cost, but because the communication that is achieved through this network is very robust, and ideal for mobile applications.
What makes CANBus different?
A CAN Bus network features a multi-master system that broadcasts transmissions to all of the nodes (devices) in the system. In this type of network, each node filters out unwanted messages and reacts only to the interesting messages. This differs to a classical client/server network such as Ethernet which relies on network addressing to deliver data to a single node. In contrast, every node in a CAN system receives the same data at the same time. By default, CAN is message-based, not address-based. Multiple nodes are integrated in the system using a distributed control implementation. One of the advantages of this topology is that nodes can easily be added or removed with minimal software impact. The CAN network requires intelligence on each node, but the level of intelligence can be tailored to the task at that node. Consequently, these individual controllers are usually simpler, with lower pin counts. The CAN network also has higher reliability by using distributed intelligence and fewer wires.
CAN-based higher layer protocols
Due to the flexibility of CAN, its powerful features and tremendous error detection and confinement ability, many higher level protocols such as DeviceNet, SDS (Smart-Distributed System), CAL (CAN Application Layer), CANOpen, CANKingdom etc. were able to be established. CANOpen was developed as a standardized embedded network and designed for motion-oriented machine control networks, such as handling systems. It is now used in various application fields, such as medical equipment, off-road vehicles, maritime electronics, railway applications or building automation.
The higher-layer J1939-based protocols are mainly used in diesel power-train applications and in in-vehicle networks for trucks and buses (e.g.. J1939-71/81). Other application fields include: agriculture and forestry machines (Isobus/ISO 11783), truck/trailer connection (ISO 11992), military vehicles (MiLCAN A), fleet management system (FMS), re-creational vehicles (CiA 501/502), and marine navigation (NMEA2000).
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